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Review of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Primordial Abundances
David Tytler,John M. O'Meara,Nao Suzuki,Dan Lubin
Physics , 2000, DOI: 10.1238/Physica.Topical.085a00012
Abstract: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is the synthesis of the light nuclei, Deuterium, He3, He4 and Li7, during the first few minutes of the universe. This review concentrates on recent improvements in the measurement of the primordial (after BBN, and prior to modification) abundances of these nuclei. We mention improvement in the standard theory, and the non-standard extensions which are limited by the data. (abridged)
Lung donor selection criteria
Edward Cantu III,John Chaney,Victor van Berkel,Yoshikazu Suzuki
- , 2014, DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.24
Abstract: Lung transplantation is an established therapy for selected patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. Since the first successful lung transplant in 1983 by Dr. Joel Cooper and his team, over 42,000 recipients have benefitted from this procedure worldwide. Advances in surgical techniques, postoperative care, and immunosuppression therapy have led to improved short- and long-term survival following lung transplantation. Despite this success, the number of suitable lung donors remains a significant limitation. Today many donors are judged based on empiric criteria developed in the 1980s (See Table 1) (2,3)
Numerical Analysis of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Characteristics in Yawed Conditions  [PDF]
Masami Suzuki
Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics (OJFD) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ojfd.2012.24A041
Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and experiments have both advantages and disadvantages. Doing both can be complementary, and we can expect more effective understanding of the phenomenon. It is useful to utilize CFD as an efficient tool for the turbomachinery and can complement uncertain experimental results. However the CFD simulation takes a long time for a design in generally. It is need to reduce the calculation time for many design condi- tions. In this paper, it is attempted to obtain the more accurate characteristics of a wind turbine in yawed flow condi- tions for a short time, using a few grid points. It is discussed for the reliability of the experimental results and the CFD results.
Diagnosis of occult fractures of the ischiopubic rami  [PDF]
Koji Suzuki
Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2013.63A049
Abstract:
Introduction: Recently, the diagnosis of occult frac- tures has been facilitated due to increased availability and utilization of MRI. Diagnosing a fracture of the ischiopubic rami from a proximal femoral fracture, in particular, is difficult using physical exam alone and can be facilitated by having access to an MRI. Here we report both physical exam findings and MRI findings that help in differentiating occult fractures of the iliopubic rami. Materials and Methods: From April 2010 to December 2012, we identified 30 pa- tients (5 male and 25 female; aged 43 - 93 years old). We recorded if a traumatic episode occurred, ambu- latory status at the initial visit (bed ridden, standing up with an aid, walking with an aid). We also re- corded if imaging was used in determining the final diagnosis (radiographs, MRI or CT). Results: Twenty- one patients had a fracture as a result of a traumatic episode. In the remaining 9 cases, no trauma oc- curred and therefore the fractures were insufficiency fractures. Ten patients were bed ridden at the initial visit, eight patients were able to stand only with a walking aid, and the remaining twelve patients were able to walk with an aid. Occasional radiographs were used to confirm the presence of a fracture in 4 cases, MRI in 11 cases, and CT scan in 15 cases. Dis- cussion and Conclusions: Occult fractures of the is- chiopubic rami can occur without trauma and it can be difficult to differentiate these fractures from occult proximal femoral fractures. In these cases, MRI is useful to definitively obtain a diagnosis. In cases of pacemaker, bullet implantation or artificial hip joints, CT or occasional radiographs are also useful to diag- nose occult fractures of the ischiopubic rami.
Estimation of Snowmelt Infiltration into Frozen Ground and Snowmelt Runoff in the Mogot Experimental Watershed in East Siberia  [PDF]
Kazuyoshi Suzuki
International Journal of Geosciences (IJG) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2013.410131
Abstract:

Understanding how spring runoff is generated in East Siberia during the spring thaw is important to predicting river flows. To evaluate the snowmelt runoff generated, a simple runoff model was developed. The model involves processes of water and energy balance within the snowpack and energy balance within soil, snowmelt infiltration into the frozen ground, and surface runoff. The model reproduced inter-seasonal and seasonal variations of snow depth, active layer depth within soil, and snowmelt runoff. Snowmelt infiltration into frozen ground within the upper 20 cm of soil was also reproduced by the model. Thus, we believe the model can simulate snowmelt infiltration and surface runoff in the Mogot experiment watershed. The model suggested that the inter-annual variation in infiltration determined the amount of spring runoff. The amount of infiltration during thaws exceeded the discharge; the range was from 20 to 60 mm and the percentage of infiltration to melt water was 44% to 60%. Therefore, infiltration into the frozen ground strongly determined snowmelt runoff. In addition, ongoing climatic change can increase snowmelt runoff, because of less sublimation loss and snowmelt infiltration into the frozen ground.

A Pilot Study: No Therapeutic Effect of L-Alanine in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis  [PDF]
Ayako Suzuki
Food and Nutrition Sciences (FNS) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/fns.2010.12011
Abstract: Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). L-alanine was shown to restore ATP content and protect the liver in various liver injury models. Aim: To assess the safety and therapeutic effects of long-term administration of L-alanine in patients with NASH, we conducted a pilot trial. Methods: Patients with NASH were enrolled and treated with 6 - 18 g/day L-alanine for 12 months and monitored for serum aminotransferases and renal function. Liver histology was obtained at baseline and 12 months. Changes in serum aminotransferase were assessed by differences from entry and rate of change per month using all available measures. Changes in liver histology were assessed by differences in Brunt scores of steatosis, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis. Results: Nine patients were enrolled and six completed the treatment. The reasons of the study withdrawal were nausea (n = 1), planned bariatric surgery (n = 1), and un-specified reason (n = 1). One participant experienced exacerbation of pre-existing renal failure that required hospitalization, although the medication was safely resumed after 2-week cessation and treatment was completed. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (?24.8 ± 32.1 IU/L vs.0, p = 0.11) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (?8 ± 16.2 1IU/L vs. 0, p = 0.28) were improved in 4 and 3 of the 6 completed participants, while rate of ALT and AST change per month showed improvement over time (negative slope) in 5 and 4 of the 6. Liver histology did not change significantly. Conclusion: The 12-month administration of L-alanine seems to be safe, but did not show significant therapeutic effects on serum aminotransferase or liver histology in patients with NASH, along with less than ideal tolerability.
Welfare Analysis of a Market Model with External Increasing Returns and Differentiated Commodities  [PDF]
Takashi Suzuki
Theoretical Economics Letters (TEL) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/tel.2017.71007
Abstract: Markets with increasing returns resulting from the positive external effects of production (hereafter external increasing returns) have been discussed from both positive and normative points of view. We present a complete general equilibrium model in which external increasing returns prevail within industries to produce differentiated commodities which are represented by real valued functions. Firms in an industry produce the commodity characteristics which are values of each commodity function. This formulation of differentiated commodities causes the equilibrium to be characterized as the solution of a variational problem. In order to answer this mathematically formidable question, we utilize the delta function of Dirac for the calculus of variations to be done in an elementary way. To our knowledge, this is the first time the delta function appears in economic analysis.
Adaptive Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Dynamic Exchange of Control Parameters  [PDF]
Masaaki Suzuki
American Journal of Operations Research (AJOR) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/ajor.2016.65037
Abstract: Updating the velocity in particle swarm optimization (PSO) consists of three terms: the inertia term, the cognitive term and the social term. The balance of these terms determines the balance of the global and local search abilities, and therefore the performance of PSO. In this work, an adaptive parallel PSO algorithm, which is based on the dynamic exchange of control parameters between adjacent swarms, has been developed. The proposed PSO algorithm enables us to adaptively optimize inertia factors, learning factors and swarm activity. By performing simulations of a search for the global minimum of a benchmark multimodal function, we have found that the proposed PSO successfully provides appropriate control parameter values, and thus good global optimization performance.
A Simple Model of the Difference Principle  [PDF]
Takashi Suzuki
Theoretical Economics Letters (TEL) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/tel.2018.810123
Abstract: In this paper, we present a socioeconomic model illustrating the difference principle first proposed by John Rawls (1971). We demonstrate that this principle can be fulfilled by incorporating reciprocity into the basic structure of society. We show its appropriate embodiment in external increasing returns in line with traditional neoclassical economic theory, which is the exact mechanism described by Rawls (1971, 2001). Our model yields an intuition and interpretation of the principle by showing its implementation in the market equilibrium. Moreover, the model will show that the utilitarian principle, i.e., the maximization of the total (average) utility leads to advantaged people monopolizing all wealth as a just state of society. We also discuss the sociopolitical conditions necessary for the difference principle model to be stable and sustained.
Dentoalveolar changes following maxillary distraction osteogenesis  [PDF]
Lili Yang, Eduardo Yugo Suzuki, Boonsiva Suzuki
Open Journal of Stomatology (OJST) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2013.38071
Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to compare the dentoalveolar changes produced when using two different intraoperative surgical procedures for maxillary distraction osteogenesis. Eight patients were assigned into two groups according to the surgical procedure: down-fracture (DF, n = 6) vs non-down-fracture (NDF, n = 2). Lateral cephalograms and 3-D models before and after maxillary distraction were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in the amounts of advancement and dento-alveolar changes between the DF and NDF groups. The significance level was established at 0.05. Although a significantly greater amount of maxillary movement was observed in the DF group (10.0 mm ± 2.2) than in the NDF group (5.9 mm ± 2.3), significantly greater arch length (8.7 mm ± 5.2) and arch width changes (6.0 mm ± 1.0) were observed in the NDF group than in the DF group, (arch lengths 3.0 mm ± 1.1 and arch width changes 3.2 mm ± 2.0). A significantly greater amount of dental anchorage loss was observed in the NDF group. The use of the NDF procedure resulted in greater amounts of dental anchorage loss than resulted from the DF procedures when tooth-borne devices were used during maxillary distraction osteogenesis. The type of surgical procedure might play an important role in the amount and direction of the dental changes.

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